Which endocrine gland regulates heart rate, blood pressure, and body temperature?

• A. Thyroid
• B. Pituitary gland
• C. Pancreas
• D. Adrenal gland

Answer: (A)

Thyroid hormones increase metabolic rate, which raises heat production in the body. That extra heat helps set and maintain body temperature. At the same time, these hormones boost the heart’s activity by making it more responsive to sympathetic signals, increasing heart rate and cardiac output, which in turn can influence blood pressure. So, by driving overall metabolism, thyroid hormones connect changes in heart rate and blood pressure with temperature regulation. The adrenal gland handles rapid, stress-related changes in heart rate and blood pressure, but its role in body temperature is indirect and shorter-term. Pancreas and pituitary gland do not regulate these three functions together in a single, integrated way.